Sperm donation, with its decades-long solution for male infertility, paved the way for the concept of genetic material’ use by a third party to conceive a child for a genetically unrelated Intended Parent to be more effective and easier to accept.
Infertile women now have more options than ever before to carry a pregnancy to term, as assisted reproduction increasingly relies on technology and novel methods of coping with infertility are developed. Although IVF procedure remains the most common, it can be used together with egg donation, donated sperm, or a combination thereof. The number of children who have been born today as a result of the donation is many hundreds of thousands.
In most cases, IVF clinics in Ukraine use sperm, donated from their own local sperm donors. One concern with donated sperm is that a man may donate his sperm too many times, which may lead to unknown sexually intimate relationships or marriage between the potential biological siblings. There are no national or international registries that track how many times a man donated his sperm or how many children were conceived.
Sperm donation in Ukraine appeared relatively recently. Infertile men have the opportunity to become happy parents. In the case of severe male infertility, after several unsuccessful ICSI attempts, as well as in order to avoid the transmission of genetic pathology to a child from the male side, the use of donor sperm for IUI or IVF may be recommended. The same option is available for women without a partner under the age of 38.
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Sperm donation rules in Ukraine usually define rights and obligations of sperm donor/sperm recipient, screening and anonymity of sperm donor. Reimbursement or the number of offspring allowed per sperm donor is not regulated. Anonymous sperm donation is a common practice in Ukraine. Thus, for a female infertile patient, the sperm donor must be anonymous (except for relatives or non-anonymous sperm donors).
Sperm donation regulations in Ukraine are described in paragraphs 5.11-5.20 of the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 787 “On Approval of the Procedure of Assisted Reproductive Technologies Application” adopted on September 9, 2013, summarized as follows: