Recent advances in modern fertility preservation methods using cryopreservation of oocytes, embryos, ovarian tissue, and a whole ovary, are available in Ukraine to women who are at risk for infertility or women facing uncertain risk of infertility for various reasons.
Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are very effective in treating several common cancers, side effects of these treatments are significant for both the ovary and the uterus. As cancer treatments and cures improve, ART strives to keep in place. Oocyte cryopreservation, in vitro maturation, ovarian tissue cryopreservation, uterus and ovary transplantation are all being developed as options for the treatment of secondary infertility in female cancer patients.
For premenopausal cancer patients, whose treatment requires radiation therapy of the pelvic structures and integration of ovaries into the radiated field, ovarian function preservation is a critical concern. Ovarian transposition is a relatively simple and efficient surgical procedure used to preserve ovarian function before giving gonadocidal doses of radiation therapy. A patient selection must be appropriate.
Fertility preservation procedures with embryo vitrification may become a safe and successful alternative in infertile women with cancer, endometriosis, disorders requiring gonadotoxic treatment, and genetic disorders. Immature oocytes collection followed by in vitro maturation, and subsequent fertilization, becomes a viable and effective method of preventing numerous inconveniences of classical ovarian stimulation.
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Oocyte cryopreservation undoubtedly offers several advantages in IVF procedure, including the preserved fertility in cancer patients. The option of fertility preservation for these women helps improve their QoL. It is essential to act in a short window of time to provide these women with a chance of preserving their fertility. Besides these benefits, oocyte cryopreservation is of great relevance for those women who decide to postpone childbearing.
It has proven that such an approach is feasible and has great prospects for preserving ovarian function and fertility in women treated for malignant neoplasms. The obvious advantage is that the ovarian tissue is completely protected from the harmful effects of chemotherapy drugs or radiation. Challenges include side effects of surgical techniques, limiting ovarian damage, and adapting IVF/ET techniques when needed.
Oocyte in vitro maturation (IVM) is a complex process that begins in the ovarian follicle during preantral development and ends with the release of a mature ovum during ovulation. It protects human reproductive capacity. As strategies for fertility preservation emerge, in vitro maturation (IVM) becomes increasingly clear that support of oocyte maturation in a physiologically favorable context is an important goal.
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Cryopreservation, and ovarian transplantation as a whole, demonstrates rapid surgical, technological, and medical developments in the field of assisted reproduction. However, some problems remain unsolved. Optimization of cryopreservation and transplantation methods, and a better understanding of risks associated with relapse of cancer, is necessary before this approach finds its place within the routine of fertility preservation.
Reproductive endocrinologists follow various progress in the field of reproductive medicine to help healthy women maintain fertility for many years until their desire to conceive a child arises. Cryopreservation of oocytes allows us to overcome possible limitations of embryo vitrification. In the near future, vitrification and IVM of oocytes or ovarian tissue are likely to become the main strategies for preserving fertility.